English GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE
fifteen. PAST PERFECT (I had done)
| A | Study this example situation:  Sarah went to a party final week. Paul went to the political party likewise, but they didn't meet each other. Paul left t he political party at 10.thirty and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. And so: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't in that location. · He had gone dwelling. Had gone is the by perfect (simple): | I/ we/ they/ y'all | had | (=I'd etc.) | gone seen finished | | he/ she/ it | (=he'd etc) | The by perfect uncomplicated is had+ past participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: · Sarah arrived at the party. This is the starting point of the story. Then, if nosotros want to talk about things that happened before this fourth dimension, we utilise the past perfect (had ... ): · When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone dwelling house. Some more examples: · When we got home last night, nosotros found that somebody had broken into the flat. · Karen didn't want to go to the movie house with united states because she'd already seen the picture show. · At first I thought I'd done the right affair, just I before long realised that I'd made a big error. · The man sitting adjacent to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown earlier. or ... He had never flown before. |
| B | Compare the present perfect (have seen etc.) and the past perfect (had seen etc.): | Nowadays perfect | By perfect | |  · Who is that woman? I've seen her before, just I tin't retrieve where. · We aren't hungry. We' ve just had lunch. · The house is dingy. They haven't cleaned it for weeks. |  · I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her before, just I couldn't remember where. · We weren't hungry. Nosotros' d just had dejeuner. · The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned information technology for weeks. | |
| C | Compare the past elementary (Left, was etc.) and the past perfect (had left, had been etc.): | · A: Was Tom there when y'all arrived? B: Yes, but he left soon afterwards. · Kate wasn't at domicile when I phoned. · She was at her female parent/s firm. | · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: No, he had already left. · Kate had just got home when I phoned. She had been at her female parent'southward firm. | |
EXERCISES
| fifteen.i | Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. | ane | You lot went to Sue'due south house, but she wasn't there. (she /get /out) ____ She had gone out ____________________ | | 2 | You went back to your home town afterwards many years. It wasn't the aforementioned as before. (it /change /a lot) __________________________________________ | | iii | I invited Rachel to the party, only she couldn't come. (she /conform /to do something else) __________________________________________ | | 4 | You went to the movie house last night. You lot got to the picture palace late. (the film /already /start) __________________________________________ | | 5 | It was nice to come across Daniel again after such a long time. (I /non I see /him for five years) __________________________________________ | | 6 | I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn't hungry. (she /just /have /breakfast) __________________________________________ | |
| 15.2 | For each situation, write a judgement catastrophe with never ... earlier. Use the verb in brackets. | 1 | The human being sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly) ____ He'd never flown before________________ | | ii | Somebody sang a vocal. I didn't know it. (hear) I __________________________________________ before | | three | Sam played lawn tennis yesterday. He wasn't very practiced at information technology considering information technology was his starting time game. (play) He __________________________________________ | | 4 | Last twelvemonth we went to Mexico. It was our get-go time there. (be at that place) We __________________________________________ | |
| 15.3 | Apply the sentences on the left to consummate the paragraphs on the correct. These sentences are in the society in which they happened - so (a) happened before (b), (b) earlier (c) etc. Merely your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes yous demand the past perfect. | one | (a) Somebody broke into the function during the night. (b) We arrived at piece of work in the morning. (c) We called the police. | We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had cleaved into the office during the night. So __________________________________________ the police. | | 2 | (a) Laura went out this forenoon. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) There was no answer. | I went to Laura's house this morning and rang her doorbell, but ____________ no answer. _________________ out. | | iii | (a) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago. (b) I met him the same twenty-four hour period. (c) He looked very well. | I met Jim a few days ago ______ just ___________ holiday. ___________ very well. | | 4 | (a) Kevin sent Emerge lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a phone telephone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. | Yesterday Kevin ____________ from Sally. __________ very surprised. _______ lots of emails, merely _______________. | |
| fifteen.4 | Put the verb into the right form, past perfect (I had washed) or past elementary (I did). | ane | 'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he ___ had gone_____(become) domicile.' | | 2 | I felt very tired when I got dwelling house, then I ____________ (go) straight to bed. | | 3 | The house was very tranquility when I got dwelling. Everybody _______________ (become) to bed. | | 4 | Sorry I'thousand late. The car ____________ (break) down on my mode here. | | v | We were driving forth the road when nosotros ________________ (see) a machine which ________ (break) downwards, then we ___________(stop) to help. | |
ANSWER Central
15.one
2 It had changed a lot.
3 She'd arranged to do something else. /She had arranged ...
4 The film had already started.
5 I hadn't seen him for five years.
6 She'd simply had breakfast. /She had just had ...
15.two
two I'd never heard it before. /I had never heard ...
3 He'd never played (tennis) before. /He had never played .. .
4 We'd never been there before. /Nosotros had never been .. .
15.3
1 we called
2 there was ... She'd gone /She had gone
3 He'd only come back from /He had only come back from ... He looked
4 got a phone telephone call He was He'd sent her /He had sent her ...
she'd never replied to them I
she had never replied to them
xv.4
two went
iii had gone
4 bankrupt
5 saw ... had broken ... stopped
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