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How Much Current Can a 9v Battery Supply

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Form of small battery

"9-Volt" redirects hither. For the WarioWare character, see Wario (franchise).

Vintage PP3-size 9-volt batteries

The ix-volt battery, or nine-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was introduced for early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This blazon is unremarkably used in smoke detectors, gas detectors, clocks, walkie-talkies, electrical guitars and effects units.

The nine-volt bombardment format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and element of group i chemistry, in main lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable grade in nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, take non been manufactured in many years due to their mercury content. Designations for this format include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22 (for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size, regardless of chemistry, is commonly designated PP3—a designation originally reserved solely for carbon-zinc, or in some countries, E or E-block.[1]

Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are synthetic of half dozen private one.5 5 LR61 cells enclosed in a wrapper.[two] These cells are slightly smaller than LR8D425 AAAA cells and tin can be used in their identify for some devices, even though they are 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are fabricated with six apartment cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant wrapper to foreclose drying. Primary lithium types are made with three cells in series.[3]

ix-volt batteries accounted for 4% of element of group i master battery sales in the Us in 2007, and ii% of primary battery sales and 2% of secondary (rechargeable) battery sales in Switzerland in 2008.[4] [5]

History [edit]

PP (Power Pack) battery family unit from left to right: PP1, PP3, PP4, PP6, PP7, PP8, PP9, PP10, PP11

Historically, the at present popular PP3 battery size was a member of the PP (Ability Pack) battery family that was originally manufactured by Ever Ready in the United Kingdom and Eveready in the United States. The visitor claims that information technology introduced the PP3 battery in 1956,[6] then it was added as an ANSI standard in 1959, currently known as ANSI-1604A.[7]

PP (Power Pack) battery family
Name Voltage Capacity Depth Width Height
PP1 half-dozen volt 0four0. Ah 55.6 mm 65.1 mm 55.vi mm
PP3 9 volt 00.5 Ah 17.five mm 26.five mm 48.v mm
PP4 nine volt 00.9 Ah Dia. 25.8 mm, Length: 49.8 mm -41.5 mm ex contacts
PP6 nine volt 010. Ah 34.ane mm 35.7 mm 69.9 mm
PP7 9 volt 02.v Ah 46 mm 46 mm 63 mm
PP8 6 volt 150. Ah 55 mm 61 mm 200 mm
PP9 ix volt 050. Ah 51.5 mm 65 mm lxxx mm
PP10 9 volt 150. Ah 66 mm 65 mm 267 mm
PP11 iv.five volt x ii 0v0. Ah 51.5 mm 65 mm 91 mm

The PP11 consists of 2 isolated iv.5 volt batteries with four terminals.

Simply the PP3, PP6, PP7 and PP9 sizes are withal manufactured, with the PP3 beingness extremely common. Modern batteries can have higher capacity and lower internal resistance than the originals.

Before the mid-1950s, in the days of vacuum tube (valve) radios used batteries designed specifically for vacuum tubes, there was a ix-volt filigree bias battery or (The states) "C" battery, which had taps for diverse voltages from 1.5 to 9 volts.

Early transistorized radios and other equipment needed a suitable voltage miniature battery. Early transistor radios required a 22+ i⁄2  volt battery. Although the transistors would theoretically operate from lower voltages, in 1954, the indicate contact transistors had to be operated very shut to their VCB0 limit in order to get the required frequency response. However, a suitable miniature battery was already marketed for (vacuum tube) hearing aids. Equally transistors rapidly improved, particularly when alloy transistors were introduced, radios were able operate from lower voltages and the battery manufacturers introduced suitable batteries equally the demand arose.

The PP3 (physically identical to 6LR61 or 1604A) appeared when portable transistor radios became common, and is notwithstanding called a "transistor" battery by some manufacturers.

Connectors [edit]

The battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one finish. The smaller round (male person) final is positive, and the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the negative contact. The connectors on the battery are the same every bit on the load device; the smaller one connects to the larger one and vice versa.[2] The same snap-manner connector is used on other bombardment types in the Power Pack (PP) series. Battery polarization is unremarkably obvious, since mechanical connection is usually just possible in one configuration.

A problem with this way of connector is that information technology is very like shooting fish in a barrel to connect two batteries together in a curt excursion, which chop-chop discharges both batteries, generating estrus and possibly a fire.[viii] Because of this hazard, nine-volt batteries should be kept in the original packaging until they are going to be used.[9]

Technical specifications [edit]

Iii dissimilar kinds of 9-volt primary battery internals: rectangular cell zinc-carbon (6F22), rectangular jail cell element of group i (6LP3146), and cylindrical cell alkaline (6LR61)

Rechargeable (NiMH) 9-volt battery internals (stacked, 6HF~eight/~22/~17)[a]

Very oft, a "9-volt" battery refers to the transistor radio size called PP3 or IEC 6F22 or NEDA 1604, although there are less mutual nine-volt batteries of different sizes.

Rechargeable nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) and nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries of nominal 9V rating take between six and eight 1.ii-volt cells. Lithium ion versions typically use two cells (3.seven–4.ii V nominal each). There are also lithium polymer and depression self-belch Ni–MH versions.

Mercury batteries were formerly made in this size. They had higher capacity than the then-standard carbon-zinc types, a nominal voltage of 8.4 volts, and very stable voltage. One time used in photographic and measuring instruments or long-life applications, they are no longer manufactured equally the mercury from improperly handled batteries is highly toxic and accumulates in the ecosystem, posing a take chances to humans and wildlife.

Type[b] IEC
proper noun[c] [x] 		ANSI/NEDA
name[11] 		Typical capacity
in mAh 		Nominal voltages
Primary (dispensable) Alkaline metal, six-cylinder 6LR61 1604A 550 9
Alkaline, half dozen-stack 6LP3146[12] 1604A 550 9
Zinc–carbon 6F22 1604D 400 nine
Lithium (varies) 1604LC[d] 1200 9
Rechargeable NiCd 6KR61 11604 120 vii.2, eight.4
NiMH 6HR61 7.2H5 175-300 7.2, viii.four, nine.half dozen
Lithium polymer (varies) N/A 520 7.4
Lithium-ion (varies) Northward/A 620 vii.4
Lithium atomic number 26 phosphate Northward/A Northward/A 200-320 ix.half dozen

Testing and charging [edit]

Most battery voltage testers and chargers that can besides test 9-volt demand another snap clip to agree the bombardment, while cylindrical batteries oft share a holder that may be adjustable in size. Because of the proximity of the positive and negative terminals at the top of the battery and relatively depression current of nearly mutual batteries, ane informal method of testing voltage is to identify the ii terminals across a tongue. A stiff tingle would betoken a bombardment with a stiff charge, the absence, a discharged bombardment. While there accept been stories circulating of unfortunate outcomes, the process is rarely dangerous under normal circumstances, though it may exist unpleasant.[13]

Lithium [edit]

Lithium 9-volt batteries are consumer-replaceable, disposable high-free energy-density batteries. In the PP3 size they are typically rated at 0.8-ane.2Ah (e.yard. >1.2Ah @ 900 ohms to 5.4V @ 23 °C for one type),[xiv] well-nigh twice the chapters of alkaline metal batteries. Manufacturers claim "Loftier energy density, upward to 5x more than than alkaline".[ clarification needed ] [14] Common applications for lithium ix-volt batteries are fume and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, and electronic parking meters.

Run across also [edit]

  • Battery eliminator
  • Battery nomenclature
  • List of battery sizes
  • List of bombardment types
  • Self-discharge

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Presumed prison cell size.
  2. ^ Some types are not found in a bombardment nomenclature, hence N/A.
  3. ^ The granularity of IEC nomenclature means that each jail cell may accept more than than 1 match. This is partially due to the chemistry types being open to interpretation (especially for lithium cells) and partially due to the possiblity of dissimilar geometric constructions (e.g. stacked versus cylinder). For example, the NiMH code listed in the table (6HR61) assumes a cylindrical geometry and would non utilize to the pictured NiMH cell.
  4. ^ There is a similar issue in "lithium" being vague here. The case gives LC, the iii-volt Li–MnOtwo organization. A manufacturer may instead choose to use vi 1.6-volt Li–FeSii cells, giving 1604LF (or 6FR61 in IEC).

References [edit]

  1. ^ "AP300 NiMH nine Volt 300mAh". AccuPower. Archived from the original on vi February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  2. ^ a b IEC 60086-2-2011 §seven.6.ane.12
  3. ^ Lee, Arthur (2002-06-28). "Preliminary Exam Results on Lithium Batteries Used in Residential Smoke Alarms" (PDF). CPSC.gov. U.Southward. Consumer Product Safety Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2016-07-05 .
  4. ^ "Life Cycle Impacts of Element of group i Batteries with a Focus on Finish-of-Life" (PDF). EPBAEurope.cyberspace. EPBA-Eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
  5. ^ "INOBAT 2008 Statistics" (PDF). INOBAT.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25.
  6. ^ "Battery History". Energizer.com. Retrieved 2018-02-16 .
  7. ^ "Energizer 522 Battery Datasheet" (PDF). Energizer. September 28, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  8. ^ "9-volt Battery Rubber" (PDF). NFPA.org. National Fire Protection Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  9. ^ "9 Volt Batteries a Burn down Take chances". Division of Fire Rubber - NH Department of Safety. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-01-29.
  10. ^ IEC 60086-2011 pt2-§7.6.1.12
  11. ^ ANSI C18.1M Role 1 and C18.3M Role ane
  12. ^ "MN1604" (PDF). Bethel, Connecticut: Procter & Gamble. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-27. Retrieved 2022-02-12 .
  13. ^ "The Science of Licking a 9V Battery". SparkFun.com.
  14. ^ a b "Farnell: datasheet for Ultralife U9VL-J-P 9V lithium manganese dioxide PP3-size battery" (PDF). farnell.com.

External links [edit]

  • Media related to PP3 batteries at Wikimedia Commons

alibuithe.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-volt_battery

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